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“Interesting Facts"

 

1. Numeric system was invented by Hindus. In 5th century Aryabhatt has started the use of zero (0) but even thousand years before Aryabhatt zero known to Vedic kalkhand. Decimal Number system was given by hindus in the world.

2. World First university was started at Takhshila in 700 B.C. More than ten thousand students were studying around 60 subjects. Foundation of university at Nalanda was an admirable achievement of 4th century.

3.  Mother of all European language is “Sanskrit”. According to ‘Fobars’ magazine (july 1987) Sanskit is most suitable language for compute language.

4.  Value of PI ( ) figured by vothayan. Principle was defined by the one same whose name ‘ Pythagorean Principle’ was known for it.

5.  Algebra , Trigonometric and calculus was given by India to the world. In 11th century Shri aacharaya gave a notation for algebric equations.

6. Fixed value system, Decimal number system was developed in India in 1st Century.

7.  Who has proved the principle of Pythagoras ? Pythagoras ? No! The Principle of Pythagoras was introducing much before by ShlipSutar his birth in India history.

8.  Who discover the Force of Gravity? Newton? No.! Famous India Astrologer Aryabhaskar charya were already introduced the force of gravity which was discovered by Newton before one thousand year approx.

9. Computation of the biggest star was given by mathematician chandrashekar. It is know as limit of chandrashekha by the scientists.

10. Ramnujan was a great mathematician who discovered the principle of probability at Cambridge university along with Pof. Hardy. He was given 100 out 100 by pof. Hardy for his fundamental brilliance whereas he himself got 25 In that way Prof Hardy has great respect for Ramanujan in his heart.

11. Zero (0) was finalized and decimal system was discovered in India by Hindu Gurus.

12.  According to classical Hindu mathematician also known as Vedic Mathematics to make it possible for oral answer of complex mathematician question defined in due or two lines.

13.  For calculation of sangria ganak in Binary number was provided by Hindu Prans thousand years before its existence. In binary number system. The digit can be either 0 (negative) or 1(positive) . All the digit are combinations of 0 and 1 . Our ancient philophical teaties says “The whole world is made up of means positive and zero means negative”.
     

They said that:-

1.  Elbert Einstein:- we are grateful to India who taught us counting, without which nothing is possible for scientific research.

2.  Prof BryaN David Josephso(France):- youngest novel winner Hear and ideal system in vedant and numeral which is like a quantum field that is Atomic and partial level of particles for process and distribution is its key.

History of Mathematician"

   Mathematics is studied in India since 1500 A.D. That the time maths, arithmetic,algebra,astrology and geometry were the parts of mathematics. In that the geometry was developed while the making of haven kunda.Astrology is developed due to looking for right time for ….During that period mathematics and astrology along with other subjects had good development ..for bramahniya education ,one story is popular ..which is like this: Once narad went to Snatkumar and requested him to gave him Brahmin education. Snat Kumar asked him that which education he has already taken so that he may know what type of education he must gave narad. Then Narad told him about the different education that he had already taken. He included…astro vidya and raashi vidya.This very clearly shows that in that time also people used to study mathematics and astrology.

Mathematics were are of the main subjects in study of Hindu’s. It was written in history of katilya that students should study language and numbering. It is found from last note of hathi Gampha that Prince Kling kharvali spend nine years of his life from 16 years of age to 25 years in study of language, beauty and mathematics. Prince Gautam started his study in the age of 8 years. Firstly he learn general study and after that arithmetic’s which was the most useful and important subject out of the 72 subjects of that time. This description is also found in Jain granths. .

In past the main aim of study of mathematics was that it is useful in counting things and to find their price. That time more stress was given on the result than on method. Students were taught tables and name of gurus. That time mathematics was taught in schools because it is related to religious books, mathematical astrology etc. To find the dates of festivals, eclipse it was very useful. Also to prepare worship list and to build temples etc. Mathematics was used to develop mental ability. Many pupils used to make puzzles and solve them. This is like entertainment for them.

Mathematics has its special place in Islamic education also. The arrangement of study was made in mosques that time. Except from general learning and written practice. They were also given knowledge of number of alphabets and mathematical part. There were Madras’s for proper education. There two type of education was provided- Religious and earthly. in earthly education mathematics and astrology were taught.Abulfozal had written in Aaine Akbari, “Every Student could learn Airthmeatics, problems, Agriculture,astrology,homescience,Political Science. medicine science and history. Akbar established many Madras’s in Agra and Fathepuri. They provide higher establishment an Madras in Delhi which gave education of Astrology and geography.

But beside this mathematics was not taught as subject of syllabus in our schools till 18th century. During British rule teaching of mathematics was given stress. Even it was compulsory in high school and inter school classes. In middle classes also main stress was given on mathematics papers were made difficult. The student getting good marks were given scholarships.

In the year 1973 basis education syllabus was revised. Mathematics was given a special place in this also. But the method of teaching mathematic was different this time. In this stress was given on craft method for teaching mathematics. Sargent plan was introduced in second world war.

India after Second World War. In that plan high school was divided into two parts. Literary high school and Professional high school. Mathematics was included in syllabus of literary high school but not in professional.

  After independence it was though that the main aim of education is to produce good citizen not good clerks. Keeping this in mind civics, nature study and physical education etc. subjects were included. Then it was thought that all these will create burden on students. So syllabus and study of mathematics was not given that much importance as before. So slowly in high school mathematics was made and optional subject.

  After independence in UP arithmetic’s was separated from geometry and algebra. Arithmetic’s was made a compulsory subject but Geometry and algebra were optional. But this lasted for 3 years. In 1950 teaching of arithmetic’s was totally stopped. But other branches of mathematics were made optional. For the convince of students in 1952 Uttar Pradesh education board started another type of mathematics which was named elementary mathematics. So in this type mathematics contains all arithmetic’s, algebra. Geometry. But this contains syllabus of standard eighth. Now the education council members realized the importance of mathematics. So since 1956 mathematics is compulsory part of boys but still it was the optional subject.

“Structure of Mathematics "

Every subject has its own structure which provide special identify to a subject what ever the structure of a subject accordingly the subject will be stable or unstable. The structure of mathematics is stronger than the other subjects. Due to which mathematics is more stable than other subjects. After this material science, physics, chemistry and biology. On the basis of the structure of the subject its truth ness and prediction are more stable than other subjects. As the structure of subject becomes weak its truth and prediction become weak. On the basis of the certainty of the structure every subject ahs its special identity. So nature of subject depends upon its structure.

“Nature of Mathematics "

  Nature of Mathematics:- Every Subject which is included in a book has a special purpose. Besides this every subject has its own nature. On the basis of nature one is subject is compared with other. The nature of mathematics is given as follows:-

 Mathematics has its own language. The meaning of language and its formula, signs and principle are of special type. Also length, breadth, triangle, profit loss, figures, kilogram etc.

In Mathematics we study about figures, places and measurements. Its study is used after all other subjects. Mathematics is origin of all subjects.

 Our senses are the basis of the knowledge of this subject, which can be credible because this knowledge has a fix base.

The knowledge of mathematics is equal in whole world and its truth ness can be checked at any place. This truth ness doesn’t change with place and time.

The knowledge of mathematics is correct, clear and in a special order, so once you understand it you will not forget. Mathematics is used in different science like physics, chemistry, biology and many other subjects. The progress of all these subjects is possible only with progress of mathematics. Mathematics is the base of all these subjects and it provides these a fix stable base.

 Every knowledge is more understandable with knowledge of mathematics. It has a fixed answer. These are no possibilities of doubtfulness and answer is either yes or no.

“Mathematical Signs"

The importance of sign in our life is very clear from ancient times when words were not developed in any language in that time also people use to communicate and that was possible only with help of signs. It will not be wrong if we say that language is born from signs. Mathematics has its special place in our lives. Because people start counting…just after its birth...

This circle is  not so simple to understand. But there are some means which make these things easy and those are mathematical signs. Here our main aim is to discuss the development of these signs.

These signs are use to represent work and to show relations between different mathematical numbers. In a/b the division sign (/) shows that a has to give a part to b (b divides a) and in a<b the less than sign (<) shows a is less than b. Based on these signs, we can easily write views related to mathematics. And the reader can easily understand the relations with help of these small signs.

In ancient hand written Granths many symbols are used but with passage of time these are same what changed and after many changes these are presented in today’s form.

Plus and Minus Signs:-

Nearly in 1960’s in the city of Bohemia there was a mathematician named Jauviderman. He wrote books on Arithmetic’s and algebra. He used the signs + and – for the first time in a book. He did not use these signs for addition and subtraction. In spite of that he used signs on behavioral bundles, to show that each bundle is more than or less than a particular fix quantity.

Sign of equality:- The sign of quality was used by Roit Recorde in 1557. He used this sign in a book of algebra ‘Behterstone of bit’ for first time. In the same book he wrote ,”I use these signs in an equation because no two things in whole world will be as equal as these two lines (=).”
 

Sign of Multiplication: - The sign of multiplication (X) was first time used by British mathematician Willam outred in 1631. In England people started using this sign (X) for multiplication but other countries used dot(.) as sign of multiplication

Sign of Division:- The sign of division (/) was first time used in a book of algebra written by John H. Ryan of Switzerland in 1659. This sign has prevailed in Great British and US. But other countries were using (: ) as a sign of division.

Decimal sign: - The sign of decimal was first time used by mathematician Sieman steven of Holland in his book of arithmetic’s which was published in 1585 in Leedan.In his book
; for example he wrote 173 429/1000

like this: 173. 4 (1) 2 (2) 9 (3)

this equation means that –

173 × (1/10) º + 4 × (1/10)¹ + 2 × (1/10)² + 9 × (1/10)³
 

Use of:-

First time use of was done by Nicole Orem (1323-1382), the mathematician of France, in his book Algorithm proportion. He wrote 7½ or 5½ like this: